![]() SAE established the grading system, which includes a numerical code system. As earlier mentioned, SAE stands for Society of Automotive Engineers. The higher the number, the thicker is the oil. Numbers you find on different oil cans, such as SAE 30 or SAE 10W-30, are viscosity or weight numbers that indicate the thickness of the oil. You can easily predict the behavior as well as the design of a mechanical system if you have detailed knowledge of oil viscosity. ![]() One of the factors that affect viscosity is the operating surface. Oil viscosity differs from one lubricant to another with respect to temperature. Thicker oils have more resistance to shearing and losing film strength at higher temperatures. The higher the number, the thicker the oil and vice versa. The numbers are commonly assigned in ranges of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. The ability to flow is most often selected by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) numbers. Motor oil viscosity is a common term we need to understand completely, and it refers to the ability of an oil to flow. Oil viscosity is graded by measuring the time it takes for a standard amount of oil to flow. It changes with temperature, shear rate, pressure, and thickness. For the first time in the literature, this work clearly shows that the proposed numerical approach has an undoubtable strong potential to simulate multiphase flow in porous domains over a wide range of Capillary numbers.Oil viscosity is the parameter that plays an important role in lubrication. dynamic) contact angles in the vicinity of the pore walls. Our results show that the proposed numerical model recovers very well the experimentally observed flow dynamics in terms of phase distribution patterns and inlet pressures, but also the effects of viscous flow on the apparent (i.e. The numerical model is validated against both well-established theoretical flow models, that account for the effects of viscous and capillary forces on interfacial dynamics, and the experimental results obtained using the developed microfluidic setup over a wide range of capillary numbers. The performed experimental study serves for the validation of a robust Level-Set model capable of explicitly tracking interfacial dynamics at sub-pore scale resolutions under identical flow conditions. In the capillary regime, we recover a clear correlation between the recorded inlet pressure and the pore-throat diameter invaded by the interface that follows the Young-Laplace equation, while during the transition to the viscous regime such a correlation is no longer evident due to multiple pore-throats being invaded simultaneously (but also due to significant viscous pressure drop along the inlet and outlet channels, that effectively mask capillary effects). Our experimental study covers 4 orders of magnitude with respect to the injection flow rate and highlights the characteristics of immiscible displacement processes during the transition from the capillarity-controlled interface displacement regime at lower flow rates, where the pores are invaded sequentially in the form of Haines jumps, to the viscosity-dominated regime, where multiple pores are invaded simultaneously. ![]() Using a high sensitivity pressure sensor at the flow inlet, we capture experimentally the pressure dynamics under fixed flow rate conditions as the fluid-fluid interface advances within the porous domain, while also monitoring the corresponding phase distribution patterns using optical microscopy. We perform a numerical and experimental study of immiscible two-phase flows within predominantly 2D transparent PDMS microfluidic domains with disordered pillar-like obstacles, that effectively serve as artificial porous structures.
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